osculans (Vigors, 1825) (widely distributed from northern India to Australia) are redescribed, keyed and figured, including characters of the male and female genitalia of both species. bimaculatus Portevin, 1914 (endemic to Taiwan) and D. Integrative taxonomy of Diamesus Hope, 1840 (Coleoptera: Silphinae) is presented. This inventory provides a baseline of the characteristics of these islands at the time of image acquisition to provide a much-needed record of their current status and against which future changes can be assessed. Several islands have been designated as Marine Protected Areas due to the significance of their biota. Some islands, such as Mabul Island, are predominantly covered with buildings with construction extending over the reef flat. Many undeveloped islands occur in the Sulu Sea, while the three most developed islands occur in the Celebes Sea. In the South China Sea, the densely vegetated Kalampunian Besar Island in the Pulau Tiga Park is contrasted with the extensive infrastructure of Pulau Layang-Layang Atoll. Of the 16 reef islands in the Celebes Sea, 8 are sparsely vegetated, and 6 are densely vegetated. Of the 26 identified in the Sulu Sea, 11 are unvegetated sand cays, 10 have sparse vegetation, and 5 are densely vegetated. These reef islands were classified based on a) the presence of vegetation and density of vegetation cover, and b) the degree and identification of infrastructure development and human disturbance on the islands. A total of 44 reef islands were differentiated into: a) sandy areas visible on top of shallow reef flats, b) islands of low elevation, and c) islands of small area (many less than 1 ha). A range of sources, including maps and charts, as well as freely available satellite imagery, has been used to map the location of these islands, identify them, and develop a classification. P>Numerous low-lying, unconsolidated carbonate reef islands occur on the shallow reefs of the South China, Sulu and Celebes Seas off the coast of Sabah, at the northeastern end of Borneo.
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